P2P platform comparison: how to choose based on risk

Compare 10 P2P platforms by regulation, minimum investment, expected returns, liquidity, buyback terms and main risks.

There is no universally “best” platform. The right choice depends on your goals, time horizon, liquidity needs and willingness to accept credit and platform risk.

Data last reviewed: 18 July 2026

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How this comparison was prepared

The platforms are not ranked as “the best”. The comparison applies the same criteria to each: regulatory status, minimum investment, advertised or expected returns, asset type, early-exit options, buyback terms and main risks.

Regulation does not eliminate credit or market risk.
A buyback commitment is contractual and depends on the solvency of the obligated party.
A secondary market does not guarantee a buyer or immediate liquidity.
Quoted returns are gross, variable and do not guarantee future performance.

Comparison at a glance

This table highlights the main differences. Use the detailed profiles and source information below to review exact terms, exceptions and risks.

Platform	Regulatory model	Minimum	Quoted returns	Exit option	Buyback	Main risk
Mintos	MiFID II investment firm	€50 for Notes	Typically 5–21%	Secondary market	Only on specific products	Issuer and lending company
PeerBerry	Marketplace for claims	€10	Up to 11%	Secondary market	According to the listed offer	Lenders and group concentration
Esketit	Marketplace for claims	€10	Average around 12%	Secondary market	Usually after more than 60 days	Lender and related group
Robocash	Unregulated investment platform	€10	Variable	Secondary market	After more than 30 days	Concentration in UnaFinancial
Bondora Go & Grow	No product-specific financial licence	No fixed minimum	Up to about 6%	Withdrawals depend on liquidity	No traditional guarantee	Credit losses and liquidity
Iuvo	Unregulated investment service	Usually €10	Depends on the claim	Secondary market	Only when contractually provided	Lender solvency
Income Marketplace	Marketplace for claims	€10	Variable	Secondary market	After more than 60 days	Lender default
Swaper	Unregulated financial platform	€10	Variable	Secondary market	Depends on lender and agreement	Limited number of lenders
TWINO	Licensed investment firm	Depends on product	6% FLEXI; 8.5–12% ABS	Different mechanism by product	No universal guarantee	Issuer, credit and liquidity
Afranga	ECSP provider	€10	Targeted 8–16%	No secondary market	Specific to each loan	Business borrower and liquidity

Comparison of 10 P2P platforms

Mintos

Regulation: MiFID II investment firm supervised by Latvijas Banka
Minimum investment: €50 for Notes on the primary market
Expected returns: Typically 5–21%, depending on the product and risk; not guaranteed
Asset types: Notes backed by loan portfolios, bonds and other products
Secondary market: Yes; selling depends on demand and may require a discount
Buyback: Only when provided by the lending company or the specific product
Main risk: Default by an issuer or lending company and losses on the underlying loans
Suitable for: Investors who want a broad selection and understand the structure of Notes
Official source: Mintos

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PeerBerry

Regulation: Marketplace for claims; not a MiFID II investment firm
Minimum investment: €10 per loan
Expected returns: Up to 11% under current offers; not guaranteed
Asset types: Consumer, leasing, business and property loans
Secondary market: Yes, since January 2026; selling depends on demand
Buyback: Applies to listed loans; a group guarantee applies only to certain offers
Main risk: Solvency of lending companies and concentration within related groups
Suitable for: Investors who accept lender and concentration risk
Official source: PeerBerry

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Esketit

Regulation: Marketplace for claims; no stated MiFID II or ECSP licence
Minimum investment: €10
Expected returns: The platform reports an average of around 12%; results are not guaranteed
Asset types: Claims arising from consumer loans
Secondary market: Yes; selling depends on another investor
Buyback: On most offers after more than 60 days in arrears or as specified in the agreement
Main risk: The lender or group may be unable to meet its buyback obligation
Suitable for: Investors who accept higher lender risk and review each offer
Official source: Esketit

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Robocash

Regulation: The platform is not regulated under an investment services licence
Minimum investment: €10
Expected returns: Variable depending on term and current offers; not guaranteed
Asset types: Claims arising from short- and long-term loans
Secondary market: Yes; transactions are carried out at face value
Buyback: After more than 30 calendar days in arrears, subject to the agreement
Main risk: Concentration in UnaFinancial and the lenders' ability to meet their obligations
Suitable for: Investors who prefer automation and accept group concentration
Official source: Robocash

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Bondora Go & Grow

Regulation: No specific financial licence applies directly to Go & Grow
Minimum investment: No clearly stated fixed minimum
Expected returns: Up to approximately 6% per year under the current offer; not guaranteed
Asset types: An automatically managed portfolio of unsecured consumer loans
Secondary market: No; it closed on 30 September 2025
Buyback: No traditional buyback guarantee
Main risk: Credit losses and possible partial payments during periods of increased withdrawal demand
Suitable for: Investors who prefer automation and accept limited control and liquidity risk
Official source: Bondora Go & Grow

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Iuvo

Regulation: The service is not licensed as an investment, banking, payment or crowdfunding service
Minimum investment: Usually €10, depending on the specific offer
Expected returns: Set out in the agreement for the specific claim; not guaranteed
Asset types: Claims arising from different types of loans
Secondary market: Yes; selling depends on demand and is not guaranteed
Buyback: Only when provided for in the specific assignment agreement
Main risk: Lender solvency and the possibility of a partial or total loss
Suitable for: Investors who understand the unregulated model and analyse lenders
Official source: Iuvo

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Income Marketplace

Regulation: Marketplace for claims; no stated MiFID II or ECSP licence
Minimum investment: €10
Expected returns: Variable by lender and current offer; not guaranteed
Asset types: Consumer, business and secured loans from external lenders
Secondary market: Yes; sale price and timing depend on demand
Buyback: After more than 60 days in arrears; the Cashflow Buffer is an additional contractual mechanism
Main risk: Lender default, in which case the mechanisms may not cover the loss
Suitable for: Investors who want contractual buffers and accept external lender risk
Official source: Income Marketplace

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Swaper

Regulation: Swaper Platform OÜ is not regulated under a financial services licence
Minimum investment: €10
Expected returns: Variable according to the claim and agreed interest rate; not guaranteed
Asset types: Claims arising mainly from consumer loans
Secondary market: Yes; selling depends on the availability of a buyer
Buyback: Depends on the lender and agreement; usually after more than 60 days in arrears
Main risk: Concentration among a limited number of lenders and default risk
Suitable for: Investors who accept concentration risk and monitor contractual terms
Official source: Swaper

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Twino

Regulation: Licensed investment firm supervised by Latvijas Banka
Minimum investment: Depends on the selected product and product suitability assessment
Expected returns: 6% for FLEXI and 8.5–12% for ABS under current terms; not guaranteed
Asset types: Asset-backed securities linked to loan portfolios
Secondary market: For ABS; FLEXI uses a separate mechanism that depends on available liquidity
Buyback: Not a universal platform guarantee; terms depend on the product
Main risk: Issuer, credit and liquidity risk relating to the underlying assets
Suitable for: Investors who prefer a regulated environment and understand the structure of ABS
Official source: TWINO

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Afranga

Regulation: Licensed European crowdfunding service provider (ECSP), supervised by Bulgaria's Financial Supervision Commission
Minimum investment: €10 per loan
Expected returns: Targeted 8–16% before tax under current offers; not guaranteed
Asset types: Business and property loans to pre-assessed European companies
Secondary market: No; the feature is still under development
Buyback: No universal buyback guarantee; terms are specific to each loan
Main risk: Business borrower default and limited liquidity until maturity
Suitable for: Investors who understand business loans and can hold until maturity
Official source: Afranga

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How to use this comparison

Your decision should not begin with the highest percentage. First define your constraints, then exclude products that do not meet them.

Regulatory priority: compare Mintos, TWINO and Afranga while recognising that MiFID II and ECSP are different regulatory regimes.
Liquidity needs: examine the specific exit mechanism. A secondary market does not guarantee a sale.
Control and choice: compare the number of lenders, asset types and manual configuration options.
Automation: establish what the algorithm manages and what credit risk remains with the investor.
Diversification: using different platforms may not provide sufficient diversification if they depend on one lending group or loan type.

This is a comparison method, not a personal recommendation or a ready-made portfolio model.

Main risks when choosing a P2P platform

Credit risk: a borrower or lending company may fail to meet its obligations.
Platform risk: operational, financial or legal problems at the platform may disrupt the servicing of investments.
Liquidity risk: a secondary market or withdrawal mechanism does not guarantee an immediate exit.
Concentration risk: different platforms may still depend on the same group, country or loan type.
Regulatory and currency risk: investor protection and actual returns depend on the applicable regime, jurisdiction and currency.

Important: This information is for educational purposes and does not constitute investment or tax advice. Terms and returns may change. Always review the official documents before making a decision.

Partner offers

Afranga Mintos Go&Grow PeerBerry Robocash Income Marketplace TWINO Swaper Esketit